Topic : Types of Pollution TSPSC Group – III,2024 Material useful for Paper III : Section : III. Issues of Development and Change 5.Environement and Sustainable Developmen

 

 

TSPSC Group – III,2024

 

Material useful for

 

Paper III :

Section : III. Issues of Development and Change

5.Environement and Sustainable Development:

Topic : Types of Pollution

 

For  Examination guidance purpose only

For any clarification please refer to the prescribed text books

 

 

Paper III  : Section: III. Issues of Development and Change

Syllabus :  

5. Environment and Sustainable Development: Concepts of Environment –

Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development – Types of Pollution –

Pollution Control – Effects of Environment – Environmental Policies of India

 

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1)Question:

Pollution can be classified into how many types?

 

(a) air pollution,

(b) water pollution,

(c) land pollution  

(d) noise pollution.

Ans: All the above

 

 

2)Question:

Water pollutants are also created from natural sources (erosion, landslides,decay and decomposition of plants and animals, etc.) . Pollutants from which activities are the real causes of concern?

 

Ans : Human activities

 

 

 

3)Question:

Which Human beings  activities pollute the water?

a) through industrial,

b)agricultural and cultural activities.

c)Among these activities, industry is the most significant contributor

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

4)Question:

Industries produce which  undesirable products resulting in pollution ?

a)industrial wastes,

b)polluted waste water,

c)poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust,smoke, etc.

d)All the above

Ans :d

 

 

5)Question:

Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or lakes.Which of the following are happening ?

a) Poisonous elements reach the reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies, which

destroy the bio-system of these waters.

b)Major water polluting industries are leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals.

c)Both (a) and (b)

d) None of these

Ans : c

 

6)Question:

Which types of chemicals used in modern agriculture are pollution generating components ?

a)inorganic fertilisers,

b)pesticides 

c)herbicides

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

7)Question:

Water pollution is a source of various water- borne diseases. Which diseases commonly

caused due to contaminated water ?

a)diarrhoea,

b)intestinal worms,

c)hepatitis, etc

d)All the above

Ans: d

 

8)Question:

To imporve the condition of the river, National Mission for Clean Ganga was initiated. Which programme was launched by Government of India  ?

Ans : The Namami Gange Programme has been launched for the same.

 

 

9)Question: Which of the following is correct  about Air pollution?

a)Air pollution is taken as addition of contaminants, like dust, fumes, gas, fog, odour, smoke or vapour to the air in substantial proportion and duration that may be harmful to flora and fauna and to property.

b)With increasing use of varieties of fuels as the source of energy, there is a marked increase

in emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere resulting in the pollution of air.

c)Both (a) and (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

 

 

10)Question :

Combustion of fossil fuels, mining and industries are the main sources of air pollution. In these  processes which are released?

a) oxides of sulphur and nitrogen,

b)hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,

c)lead and asbestos

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

11)Question:

Air pollution causes various diseases . What are they ?

a)Diseases related to respiratory,

b)Diseases related to nervous  

c)Diseases related to circulatory systems

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

12)Question: What is ‘Smog’?

Ans : Smoky fog over cities called as urban smog (smoke + fog ) is caused by atmospheric pollution. It proves very harmful to human health.

 

 

 

 

13)Question:

Which causes Acid Rains ? Give details

a)Air pollution can also cause acid rains.

b)Rainwater analysis of urban environment has indicated that pH value of the first rain after summer is always lower than the subsequent rains.

c)Both (a) & b)

d) None of these

Ans : c

 

14)Question:What is Noise Pollution? Give details.

a)Noise pollution refers to the state of unbearable and uncomfortable to human

beings which is caused by noise from different sources.

b)This matter has become a serious concern only in recent years due to a variety

of technological innovations.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

 

15)Question:

What is  main sources of noise pollution ?

 

a)various factories,

b)mechanised construction and demolition works,

c)automobiles and aircraft, etc.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

16)Which of the following is correct about Noise Pollution ?

Ans :  Polluting noise from sirens, loudspeakers used in various festivals, programmes

associated with community activities.

 

17)Question: How noise is expressed ?

Ans : The level of steady noise is measured by sound level expressed in terms of decibels (dB).

 

 

18)Question:

Which one is the biggest noise pollution ?

Ans : Noise produced by traffic,

 

19)Upon which factors Noise Pollution depends ?

a) its intensity and nature i.e., the type of aircraft, vehicle, train and the condition of road, as well as, that of vehicle (in case of automobiles)

b)In sea traffic, the noise pollution is confined to the harbour due to loading and unloading activities being carried.

c)Industries cause noise pollution but with varying intensity depending upon the type of

industry.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

 

20)Question: Which of the following is correct about Noise Pollution ?

Ans : Noise pollution is location specific and its intensity declines with increase in distance from the source of pollution, i.e. industrial areas, arteries of transportation, airport, etc.

Noise pollution is hazardous in many metropolitan and big cities in India.

 

 

21)Question:

Urban areas are generally marked by which of the following ?

a)overcrowding,

b)congestion,

c)inadequate facilities to support the fast growing population and

consequent poor sanitary conditions and foul air

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

22)Question:

Environmental pollution by solid wastes has now got significance because of what ?

Ans : Enormous growth in the quantity of wastes generated from various sources.

 

 

23)Question:

What is Solid Waste ?

Ans : Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles, for example stained small pieces of metals, broken glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags,ash, floppies, CDs, etc., dumped at different

places.

 

 

24)Question:

The discarded materials(i.e.,  Waste materials) are also termed as what ?

 

a)refuse,

b)garbage 

c)rubbish

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

25) The discarded material (waste material) e disposed of from which sources?

(a) household or domestic establishments,

(b) industrial or commercial establishments.

(c ) Both (a) & (b)

(d)None of these

Ans : c

 

 

26)How the household wastes are disposed off ?

Ans :  Either on public lands or on private contractors’ sites

 

 

 

27)Question:

How the solid wastes of industrial units are collected and disposed off ?

(a)through public (municipal) facilities at low lying public

grounds (landfill areas).

(b)The huge turn out of ashes and debris from industries, thermal

power houses and building constructions or demolitions have posed problems of serious consequences.

( c) Both (a) & (b)

(d)None of these

Ans : c

 

 

28)Question:

How ‘Solid wastes’ cause health hazards ?

(a)Solid wastes cause health hazards through creation of obnoxious smell, and harbouring of flies and rodents, which act as carriers of diseases like typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhoea, malaria and cholera, etc.

(b)These wastes cause frequent nuisance as and when these are carelessly handled, spread by wind and splittered through rain water.

(c ) Both (a) & (b)

(d) None of these

Ans : c

 

 

 

29) Question:

Concentration of industrial units in and around urban centres gives rise to disposal of industrial wastes. Which of the following is correct ?

a)The dumping of industrial waste into rivers leads to water pollution.

b)River pollution from city-based industries and untreated sewage leads to serious health problems downstream.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

 

30)Question:

Urban waste disposal is a serious problem in India. Which of the following is correct ?

a)In metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc., about 90

per cent of the solid waste is collected and disposed.

b)But in most of other cities and towns in the country, about 30 to 50 per cent of the waste generated are left uncollected which accumulate on streets, in open spaces between houses and in wastelands leading to serious health hazards

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

31)Question: Which of the following is correct about Solid Waste ?

a)The Solid  wastes should be treated as resource and utilised for generating energy and compost.

b)Untreated wastes ferment slowly and release toxic biogas to the atmosphere, including methane.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

32)Untreated solid waste gets fermented and releases which gases into the atmosphere ?

a)toxic biogas

b)Methane

c) Both (a) & (b)

d) None of these

Ans : c

 

 

 

 

33)Question:

The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability but also by deterioration of quality of agricultural land. It may also result into which of the following ?

a)Soil erosion,

b)waterlogging,

c)salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

34)Question: What is Land degradation ? What happens if land is consistently used without managing its fertility?

Ans : Land is degraded and productivity declines. Land degradation is generally understood either as a temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of

the land.

 

 

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35)Question:  You already know that air consists of a mixture of gases. Which of the following is correct ?

a) By volume, about 78% of this mixture is nitrogen and about 21% is oxygen. b)Carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ozone and water vapour are also present in very small quantities.

c)Both (a) & ( b)

d)None of these

Ans: c

 

36)Question: Which are called as ‘air pollutants’? Give details.

 

a)The substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants.

b)Such substances may come from natural sources like smoke and dust arising from forest fires or volcanic eruptions.

c)Pollutants are also added to the atmosphere by certain human activities

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

37)Question: What are the  sources of air pollutants ?

a)factories ,

b)power plants,

c)automobile exhausts and burning of firewood and dung cakes

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

38)Quesiton: Vehicles those which run on petrol, diesel, produce which type of high levels of pollutants ?

a) carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,

b)nitrogen oxides and

c)smoke

d)All the above

Ans:  d

 

 

 

39)Question:  How Carbon monoxide is produced ? Give details about carbon monoxide .

a)It is from incomplete burning of fuels such

as petrol and diesel.

b)It is a poisonous gas.

c)It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

40)Quesiton:

During winters , thick fog-like layer in the atmosphere. This is smog and it

 is made up of smoke and fog. Which of the following is correct ?

a)Smoke may contain oxides of nitrogen which combine with other air pollutants

and fog to form smog.

b)The smog causes breathing difficulties such as asthma, cough and wheezing in children.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

41)Question:

Many industries are also responsible for causing air pollution. Which of the following is correct ?

a)Petroleum refineries are a major source of gaseous pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

b)Sulphur dioxide is produced by combustion of fuels like coal in power plants.

c)It can cause respiratory problems, including permanent lung damage.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

42)Question: Which of the following is correct about Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)? What is Ozone Hole ?

a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)are used in refrigerators, air conditioners

and aerosol sprays.

b)CFCs damage the ozone layer of the atmosphere. (CFCs create Ozone hole)

c)Ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

d)All the above

Ans : d  (Now-a-days CFCs are being replaced by ecofriendly gases)

 

 

43)Question: Which of the following is correct about particulate matter (PM) ?

a)Automobiles which burn diesel and petrol, also produce tiny particles

which remain suspended in air for long periods .

b)They reduce visibility.

c)When inhaled, they cause diseases. Such particles are also produced during industrial processes like steel making and mining. Power plants give out tiny ash particles which also pollute the atmosphere.

d)All the above

Ans : d 

 

44)Question:

Over the past decades, India’s most famous tourist attraction, Taj Mahal

located in Agra , has become a matter of concern. Which of the following is corect ?

 

a)Experts have warned that pollutants in air are discolouring its white marble.

b)So, it is not only living organisms that get affected by polluted air but non-living things like buildings, monuments and statues also get affected.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

45)
Question: What is ‘acid rains’ ? What is ‘Marble cancer’ ?

a)The industries located in and around Agra like rubber processing, automobile,

chemicals and especially the Mathura oil refinery, have been responsible for

producing pollutants like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

b)These gases react with the water vapour present in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

c)The acids drop down with rain, making the rain acidic. This is called acid rain. Acid rain corrodes the marble of the monument. The phenomenon is also called “Marble cancer”. Suspended particulate matter, such as the soot particles emitted by Mathura oil refinery, has contributed towards the yellowing of the marble.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

46)Question: The Supreme Court has taken several steps to save the Taj.

What are they ?

a)It has ordered industries to switch to cleaner fuels like CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).

b)Moreover, the automobiles should switch over to unleaded petrol in the Taj zone.

c)Both (a) & (b)

d)None of these

Ans : c

 

47)Question:Which of the following is correct about ‘greenhouse effect’?

a)Sun’s rays warm the earth’s surface. A part of the radiation that falls on the earth is absorbed by it and a part is reflected back into space. A part of the reflected radiation is trapped by the atmosphere. The trapped radiations further warm the earth.

b)If you have seen a greenhouse in a nursery or elsewhere, recall that the sun’s heat is allowed to get in but is not allowed to go out. The trapped heat warms the green house.

c)The trapping of radiations by the earth’s atmosphere is similar.

That is why it is called the greenhouse effect. Without this process, life would

not have been possible on the earth. But now it threatens life. Excess of CO2

in the air is one of the gases responsible for this effect.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

48)Question:Which of the following is correct about carbon dioxide ?

a) CO2 is one of the components of air. Carbon dioxide plays an important role in plants for photosynthesis. But if there is excess of CO2 in the air, it acts as a pollutant.

b)On the one hand, CO2 is continuously being released because of human

activities.

c)On the other hand, area under forests is decreasing. Plants utilise CO2

from the atmosphere for photosynthesis, thereby decreasing the amount of CO2

in the air. Deforestation leads to an increase in the amount of CO2 in the air

because the number of trees which consume CO2 is reduced.

d)All the above

Ans : d

 

 

49)Question : What is ‘Global Warming’ ? Explain?

a)Human activities  contribute to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere.

b)CO2 traps heat and does not allow it to escape into space.

c)As a result, the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere is gradually increasing. This is called global warming.

d)All the above

Ans : d